Isibongo sakwaDlamini ngesinye sezibongo esidume kakhulu KwaZulu Natal kanye naseNingizimu Afrika iyonke nje iphelele. Akugcini lapho, ngisho nasezweni lama Swazi eSwatini sidume kakhulu. Onke amadlelo budebuduze neMooi River kanye nezintaba zoKhahlamba kwakuyizifunda ezingaphezulu ngezikhathi zokubusa kweSilo uSenzangakhona kodwa ke zingenabo abantu abaningi. Kwakukhona abaseMaBheleni, kube emaZizini kanye nabakwa Dlamini. AbakwaDlamini babemaphakathi kwendawo yaseMaBheleni eBiggarsberg kanye naseMzinyathi. AbakwaDlamini bahlobene kakhulu nabantu baseSwazini, njengoba bengaphansi kwabantu abakhuluma ulimu lwesintu olubizwa ngokuthi yiTekela olungaphansi kwamaThonga noma ababizwa ngokuthi amaLala. Bafuduke nenhla yekwaZulu ngeminyaka yama 1712 kuya ku 1730.
Imvelaphi yabakwaDlamini
Noma kubuye lube lufushane ulwazi olumayelana nemvelaphi eqondile ngqo kaDlamini, kepha siyathola ukuthi uyise wabe engowase bukhosini kungu Lusibalukhulu, undodana kaDomo, ongudodana kaNtlontlonde, ongundodana kaLubiyela, ongundodana kaLolwa, ongundodana kaLokotwako, ongudodana kaSiqongweni, ongundodana kaNomagwala, ongundodana kaKuta, ongundodana kaMnyambane. Kunzima ukulisho ulimise ngesihloko ukuthi uDlamini wayezalwa kanjani ezalelwa kusiphi isifunda ngoba phela umlando wabantu ubungaqoshwa phansi. Kepha okuyiqiniso elimile ukuthi uDlamini waba namadodana amane nawo agcine ephume izibaya zawo ukwandisa isibongo nozalo lwakubo.
Amadodana kaDlamini amane
Uma sibheka emuva siyathola ukuthi uDlamini wayenamadodana amane. Okungu Mdineka inkosana, kulandele uBuhlalubude, kube uDlomo bese kugcina ngoMakaza. Amadodana kaDlamini akhula nawo aziphathela ezindaweni zawo nawo akhulisa isizwe ngamadodana awo. UMdineka yena oyinkosana kaDlamini wazala uSivunga, onguyise kaDlomo, ongubaba kaNomagaga (owayephethe kuvela iSilo sakwaZulu uShaka) ongubababa kaMiso, yena engubaba kaMukulela, ongubabaMzikofini. UBuhlalu-bude yena owaphatha ngonyaka ka1730 kuya kunyaka ka-1748 wazala uMeyiwa yena ongoyise kaMdlovu, okunguyise kaMzabane, naye ongubaba kaNgonyama, ongubaba kaBhidla naye ongubaba kaZwelinjani owashona ebunganeni bakhe. Kuthe emva kokuba esedlule emhlabeni nonina ehluleka ukuthola enye indodana ezoqhuba isibongo kwabe sekuthathwa unkosikazi ozozala omunye undodana nokuyilapho okwase kuqhamuka khona uDlangana okungubaba kaSihlangu.
Kanti ke elinye igatsha lozalo lukaDlamini ileli lase Nhlangwini lona elingaphansi kwamadodana okugcina kaDlamini. Leli lingaphansi kwesibaya sika Makaza, uyise kaTiba, yena okwathi uma edlula emhlabeni engenandodana wabe esephathelwa umfowabo isihlalo uMabandla. Emva kokuba uMabandla engena unkosikazi kamfowabo babe sebethola indodana okungu Mengowa yena owazala uGasa, uGasa wazala uNombewu, yena ongubaba kaFodo, onguyise kaNkiswana ubaba kaBhaka. Isintu sithi uma ungene unkosikazi nawe kumele uphinde uganwe ngowakho unkosikazi ngokomthetho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uMabandla naye kwakumele athole owakwakhe, nebala wamthola ke wabe esezala uMhwebu, uyise kaNongcama, onguyisi kaBaleni (ophathe ngesikhathi seSilo uShaka), uyise kaSidoyi, onguyise kaPhata.
Isibaya sokugcina samadodana kaDlamini ilesi sendodana yesithathu okwabe kunguDlomo, esibizwa ngokuthi kuseSiphahleni. Indodana kaDlomo kwaba uSotshenge, uyise kaMantayi, onguyise kaMpumela, onguyise kaNondaba, ongubaba kaMbazwana. Ngonyaka ka 1816 lezibaya zozalo lukaDlamini zabe sezisabalele kakhulu esifundeni sakwaZulu.
UNgoza
Ngenxa yezimpi siyathola ukuthi abakwaDlamini bazithola bewela umfula uMzimkhulu bewushiya ngemuva befuna amadlelo aluhlaza. Nalapho abakutholanga ukuphumula isikhathi eside njengoba baphinde bahlaselwa uNgoza. Akumangazanga kangako ukuthi uNgoza ahlasele abakwaDlamini. Ngoba phela ngisho naso iSilo iLembe wake watholana phezulu nalo wayinqoba impi. Kodwa emva kwalokho wadla phansi esabela impilo yakhe nabakubo wabaleka, lokho okwanika abakwaDlamini ithuba lokuphefumula. Lokhu kwenzeka ngeminyaka yama-1818, kanti ke abanye bakwaDlamini bahamba naye uNgoza ebalekela iSilo uShaka ngoba base behleli ngaphansi kombuso wakhe uNgoza.
Kuthe ngokungena kweSilo uDingane baphinde bawela umfula uMzimkhulu bazehlisa ukuthi babe ngaphansi kombuso wakwaZulu ngethemba lokuthi langalimbe bayobuyela ezweni lakubo. Emva kwalokho bazibandakanya nebutho likaMpande ngonyaka ka 1839 ukuze bakhululwe ejokeni lakwaZulu elinzima. Kuthe sekunesikhathi bebuyele KwaZulu base behlangana nendodana kaNgoza uNodada, okuthe ngesikhathi uMpande eyiphaka ebhekene neziqu zamehlo noDingane iningi labo abakwaDlamini lasala ngemuva lihleli noNodada kaNgoza. Ukuzithoba kwabo ngaphansi kombuso kaZulu ikhona okwabanika imvumo yokuthi bahlale eMtshezi. Kanti ke abanye babo bahlala ngaphansi kukaNgoza egatsheni lakwaNene, abanye ngaphansi kuka Mazongwe waseMakhuzeni, abanye ngaphansi kuka Mbazwana waseSiphahleni. Abanye ke bona ngaphansi kwesihlobo sabo uFodo maphakathi noMkhomazi.
Mayelana nolwazi esinalo ngomlando wakwaDlamini
Umlando wakwaDlamini mkhulu kakhulu futhi usabalele, kepha aluluningi kangako ulwazi esinalo olujulile mayelana nokukhulu kukaDlamini kanye nobukhosi bakhona ngaphambi kokuba baphume ebukhosini base Swazini belibangise KwaZulu. Lana ke ngezansi uhlu lozalo lwakhona kwaDlamini ngokokuhamba kweminyaka kanye nokuphathwa kwezibaya zakhona ngokwehlukana kwazo.
Umlando wakwaDlamini wenabe kakhulu njengakho ukusabalala kwesibongo sabo eNingizimu Afrika. Njengayo yonke imindeni emikhulu nakhona banohlu lozalo lwakhona okuhambisana nezindlu zakhona ngokozalo lwabo. Noma kunzima ukudalula uzalo lwesibongo sakwaDlamini ngale kokwenza amaphutha ngoba phela emandulo yonke into ibikhulunywa ngomlomo. Obekwenzeka bekufakwa kuzona izithakazelo zakuleso sibongo, ngisho nawo umlando ngozalo lwesibongo ubufakwa ngohlu lwezithakazelo kepha ungabhalwa phansi. Lokhu kwenza kungabi lula neze ukuyihlaba esikhonkosini ngomlando futhi ulandelanise ngqo ngomlando wezibongo. Kepha lana ngezansi sifeza esikutholile ngalo uzalo lwakwaDlamini. Lapha sibala ngokwezindlu nangalo uzalo kanye neminyaka abantu abazalwa ngayo, abanye ngakho ukwelamana kwabo.
Uhlu lozalo lakwaDlamini
Nalu ke uhlu lozalo labakwaDlamini oluhambisana neminyaka yokuphatha kwabo. Lana siqala ngo Mnyambane oqale ngowezi-1532 kwaze kwaba unyaka ka-1550. Kuthe ngonyaka ka-1550 kwaphatha uKutu kwaze kwaba ngunyaka ka-1580, emva kwalokho kwalandela uNomagwala yena ophathe kusuka ngonyaka ka-1568 kwaze kwabe unyaka ka-1586. Esikutholayo lana ukuthi uma kuphela iminyaka ethile kungena omunye naye osuhlwini lwabo abakwaDlamini okuba nguyena oqhubeka nokukhulisa isibongo. Bheka nje ngoba emva kukaNomagwala kwabe sekulandela uSiqongwani yena ihlanhla lakhe eliqale ngowezi-1586 emva kukaNomagwala kwaze kwaba unyaka ka-1604, okwathi emva kukaSiqongwani kwabe sekuza uLokotwako yena okube 1604 kwaze kwafinyelela kunyaka ka-1622.
Nakho ukuthi laba ngabe babelamana njengokuphatha kwabo noma babengazalwa endlini eyodwa kunzima nakho ukunaba ngakho, kepha umlando uyaveza ukuthi emva kuka Lokotwako kwalandela uLolwa yena okwaba unyaka ka-1622 kwaze kwaba unyaka ka-1640, emva kwalokho kwaba uLubiyela, yena okwaba iminyaka eminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili kusuka ku-1640 kuya ku-1658. Akugcini lapho kuyaqhubeka ngoba kukhona noNtlontlonde yena kwaba ngunyaka ka-1658 kuya ku-1676, kwabe sekulandela uDomo yena kwaba ngowezi-1676 kwaze kwaphetha ngonyaka ka-1698. Ngasekugcineni kwaba uLusibalukulu ongomunye wabadume kakhulu emlandweni wakwaDlamini, yena okube unyaka ka-1694 kwaze kwaba kufika unyaka ka-1712, nowunyaka okwaqala ngawo uLuthuli waze waphetha ngo-1730, kwabe sekuvala uMdineka yena okusuka ngonyaka ka-1730 kwaze kwaba u-1748.
Izindlu zakwaDlamini
AbakwaDlamini baphinde bahlukane ngezindlu futhi, kukhona abasesandleni sikaBuhlalubude, kube abaseMzukuzweni, kube abaseSiphahleni kuphethe ngabaseNhlangwini behambisana ngokozalo lwakhona. Uma sibheka esandleni sikaBuhlalubude sithola ukuthi uDlomo indodana endala kaMakaza wesibaya eSiphahleni kanye noMakaza wasesibayeni eNhlangwini. Kubona ukuphatha kuhamba ngokulandelana ngalendlela: Kuqala uMeyiwa yena okwaba ngunyaka ka-1748 kwafinyelela ku-1766, emva kwalokho kwaba uMdlovu yena kwaba unyaka ka-1766 kugcine ku-1784, bese kulandela uMzabane yena okube unyaka wezi-1784 kuze kufike kunyaka ka-1802, kwabe sekuphetha uNgonyama yena obesesihlalweni kusuka ngo-1802 wagcina ngo-1820. Bakhona nabanye abaphathwa emlandweni wakwaDlamini noma ungekho umlando otheni ngamagalela noma amava abo amakhulu emlandweni walesi sibongo. Lana sibala oMniki, Malindi, Dunusela, Sihlabene, Nguza, Gobinca, Bhidla, kanye noKibencenga. Bese kuthi ngeminyaka yezi-1838 kuya kunyaka ka-1856 kuvala uNaloba, Mangxunyana, Ngxibongwana, Ngxavoyo, kanye noZwelinjani. Akugcini lapho siyathola nokuthi uTinjane, Shaka, Qika, Sihlangu kanye noDlangana bayavela emlandweni wakwaDlamini ngeminyaka yo-1856 kuze kube u-1874.
Njengoba sishilo ukuthi ahlukene amagatsha akwaDlamini, kuleli laseMzukuzweni noma esandleni sakhona lana kubalwa abantu abafana noMdineka, Sivunga, Dlomo II, Nomagama, Ncashane, Bulingwe, Miso (indodana endala) kaLangeni, Mazongwe, Kululeka, Madulini, Cwi, Fidi, Pata kanye noMzokofini (indodana endala). Bese kuthi esiphahleni khona kubalwa uDlomo I, kube uNongogo, Sotlenje, Mantayi, Dweba Nongwadla Mpumela (indodana endala) Fuzula, Nomagwala, Dlungwana, Nontjiza, Nomagaga, Nondaba kanye noMbazwana. Bese siphetha ngabase Nhlangwini khona ke sibala uMakaza, Tiba (indodana endala), Mabandla Mhwebu, Mengewa owayekhuliswe uMabandla kanye noSondam noNongcama.