Imvelaphi yamaHlubi
Zininzi iimbali ezibaliswa ngesizwe samaHlubi. Zimbi zifumaneka ngokubaliswa ngomlomo ekubeni ezinye zibhalwe kwiincwadi ezithile. AmaHlubi sisizwe hayi isiduko. Isizathu sokuba nditsho yinto yokuba abantu abaninzi, ukuquka amaHlubi ngokwawo, bacinga okanye bazi ukuba eligama lithi Hlubi libhekiswa kooRadebe. Akunjalo. Eli gama lithi Hlubi ligama lesizwe.
Imbali ithi amaHlubi ayinzala yesizwe sabeNguni esasikhokelwa nguMnguni ukusuka kuMntla-Mpuma wezwekazi i-Afrika. Kwincwadi ethi Iziduko ZamaHlubi, umnumzana H.M. Ndawo uthi ngaphambi kokuba bawele umlambo iZambezi aba bantu babesaziwa nje ngabeNguni, bekhokelwa nguMnguni owayenoonyana abathathu, uXhosa, uMthembu ku nye noChibi. Bathi besakuwela lo mlambo uXhosa noMthembu baqhuzuka kuyise uMnguni basinga ngaseMpuma. funda ngakumbi ngobukumkani bamaHlubi
Eli qela lahamba noMnguni labe selizibiza ngokuba yimiHuhu (funda ngakumbi ngobukumkani bamaHlubi). Ekuhambeni kwexesha babuya bazibiza ngokuba ngamaNgelengele. Kamva baye bazibiza ngokuba ngamaMpembe. Ekugqibeleni bazibize ngokuba bangamaHlubi. Zininzi ke izimvo ezithethwayo ngokuba kwathini esi sizwe ze sibizwe ngokuba ngamaHlubi. Enye yezo zimvo ithi kwakukho inkosi yamaBhele eyendisela intombi yayo kunyana kaMthimkhulu I ogama linguNcobo. Kuthiwa igama lale nkosi yayinguHlubi. Kuba kudala umakoti wayebizwa ngegama likayise okanye ngesiduko sikayise, le nkosazana kwathiwa nguLamaHlubi. Kuthiwa eminye yemiqathango eyabekwa nguBhele kukuba njengokuba esandisela intombi yakhe kobu bukumkani bamaHlubi kufuneka isizwe sibizwe ngelo gama lakhe. Kungoko ke isizwe kwathiwa ngamaHlubi. Ayikho enye imbali engqina olu luvo.
AmaHlubi ke akwathi angabaMbo. Nalapho kukho ukungadibani kwezimvo ngembali yokuba kuthiwe ngabaMbo. Bambi bathi eli gama lithi Abambo lisukela ekubeni amaHlubi ayesakuka phantsi kwindawo ekuthiwa kuseMbo phaya kumantla e-Afrika. Kodwa ke awude ufumane ngcaciselo ncam ngembali yale ndawo okanye igama lentaba. Abanye ke bathi eli gama lisisishunqulelo seli gama lithi Lubombo, kuba amaHlubi afikela khona ukuwela kwawo umlambo iZambezi.
Balingena eli lizwe ngeentaba zeLubombo benjenjeya ukuya kuma kule ndawo kuthiwa yi-Utrech ngoku, phantsi kweeNtaba Zokhahlamba (Drakensberg Mountains). Kuthiwa bathe xa benduluka kwezo ntaba abanye babo basala ngemva. Ngabo aba kuthiwa ngamaSwati namhlanje. Kuqikelelwa ukuba amaHlubi afike kweli malunga nonyaka ka 1200. Banabe njalo kulo mhlaba namhlanje waziwa ngokuba yiNatal, ngokuthiywa nguVasco Da Gama ngonyaka ka 1497. Namhlanje ikomkhulu lamaHlubi liseMtshezi, Estcourt, kula mhlaba waseNatal.
Mandidlule kancinci nje kwindawo ethi amaHlubi awazange adibane namaZulu ngokobuzwe. AmaZulu ayakhe kule ndawo kuthiwa yiZululand engazange ihlangane nomhlaba owawumiwe ngamaHlubi. Namhlanje isizwe samaHlubi siphangalele sathi saa, kangangokuba sifumaneka kuwo onke amaphondo eli lo Mzantsi Afrika. Phofu ke imbali ithi amaHlubi yayisakuba sesona sizwe sikhulu kuzo zonke izizwe zalapha eMzantsi. Phofu ke nangoku kusenjalo.
AmaHlubi angamaMfengu
Mandihlomle nangale ndawo yamaMfengu. Asikho isizwe esingamaMfengu. Aba bantu kuthiwa ngamaMfengu ngamaHlubi awawela uThukela azakuma kumhlaba wamaGcaleka phantsi kukakumkani uHintsa, Aa! Zanzolo. Eli gama lithi amamfengu lavela ngokuthi bathe ekufikeni kwabo kumhlaba kaZanzolo babonwa behleli phaya, bengambathanga kwaye bengaqhubi nemfuyo. Kuthiwa ke uHintsa wathumela abathunywa bakhe ukuya kuncaza ukuba bantundini bangoobani besiya phi. Endaweni yokuzichaza kuthiwa babevele bathi, ‘siyamfenguza’. Kulapho balifumana khona eli gama lokuba ngamaMfengu.
Njengezinye iimbali zohlanga oluNtsundu, nembali yokufika kwamaMfengu kumhlaba wakwaGcaleka ibikwa ngokubikwa. Abanye ababhali bathi bafika ngo-1818, bambi beqikelela ukuba kwakumalunga no-1822, abanye malunga no-1824 kanti mvanje sekukho nabathi bafike ngo-1835 kuba phakathi kuka-1829 no-1830 amaMfengu ayekwelabaThembu. Kum ibaluleke kakhulu into yeminyaka xa kuthethwa ngamaMfengu ngoba sifanele siqikelele le mbali yokuba babebaleka iMfecane kaTshaka.
Intsumantsumane kuyo yonke le mbali xa ababhali bethetha ngamaMfengu bathi amaMfengu ngamaHlubi, amaBhele, amaZizi, amaNgwane namaRheledwane. Ndicinga into yokuba abaphandi abangengobantu baNtsundu babephazanyiswa kukuba xa bebuza lo ukuba uluhlanga luni omnye uzakubiza uhlanga lwakhe oluliHlubi, omnye abize isiduko sakhe. Ekugqibeleni bathi amaMfengu ngaba bantu sendibakhankanyile. Abanye ababhali bathi kwafika amaHlubi namaMfengu. Kodwa ke kuko konke oku kungadibani kwezimvo inye into ekudityanwa ngayo kukuba aba bantu babevela eNatal.
Ngapha koko, njengokuba ndisitsho, abalohlanga, okanye abasosizwe nto nje liqela labantu abangamaHlubi ababaleka iingxaki zokubulawa emva kokuba ikumkani yawo uLangalibalele I ebanjwe ngamaNgesi aze ayakumvalela kwisiqithi iRobben (Robben Island). Ngelo xesha indoda ekhe yaqatshelwa ukuba iliHlubi ibibulawa. Siza kuthetha ngalo ndawo apha ngezantsi.
Ukubhangiswa kwesizwe samaHlubi ngamaNgesi
Umntu oyibalisa ngokucacileyo imbali yokubhangiswa kwesizwe samaHlubi ngamaNgesi nguBishop Colenso, ngakumbi kwincwadi yakhe ethi Langalibalele and amaHlubi Tribe (ULangalibalele nesizwe samaHlubi). Ngelo xesha kwakusenzeka yonke le nquleqhu yokubhangisa esi sizwe uBishop wayenguBhishopu waseNatal. Kanti ke nakwezinye iingxelo ukwayichaphazele impathombi yamaHlubi ngamaNgesi. Phofu nabanye ababhali baye bavela begxeka indlela ayesenza ngayo amaNgesi. Kwabona abo babengamaNgesi. Ingxaki yaqala ngokuba abafana bamaHlubi ababephangela emigodini yedayimani babekhethiswa ukuba bahlawulwe ngemali na okanye ngemipu. Ubuninzi babo bakhetha ukuhlawulwa ngemipu. Ukuqala kwezo zivumelwano kwaye kwathunyelwa imipu emininzi ukuze kuhlawulwe ngayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha kwaye kwasekwa umthetho wokubhaliswa kwale mipu. Kwafuneka beyise kwi-ofisi yerhuluneli yelo xesha uShepstone ekwakusithiwa nguSomtsewu. Kwakwathiwa nguSonjica. Yena wayengunobhala weendaba zabantu, Secretary for Native Affairs.
Kuvakala ukuba kwathi kwakusiwa imipu yokuqala yabuya ingasasebenzi. Babamadol’ anzima ukusa eminye. Irhuluneli yaya yathumela ukuba ukumkani uLangalibalele I makayise ngokwakhe le mipu. Akuzange kubemnandi kuSomtsewu xa uLangalibalele esithi ucela ukuba bazokubagqogqa ngokwabo abo bafana banemipu kuba ngabo abaziyo ukuba imipu bayinike bani na. Zange ziphumelele iinzame zokuba ayokubonana nerhuluneli uLangalibalele phofu eyikhuphile imidliwo eyayibizwa yirhuluneli leyo. Selekhuphe loo midliwo kwacaca ukuba makabanjwe kuba udela inkundla. Kulapho ke wasabela kumhlaba waseLusuthu kunyana kaMoshoeshoe uMolapo. Ngelo xesha amaNgesi ayesele ethumele imikhosi yokubamba uLangalibalele. Loo mikhosi ayeseledubula ebulala amadoda amaHlubi ayezimele ezixhotyeni ezintabeni. Kanti namaxhego namaxhegwazana awayezinyeliswe kuhlanga lamaPhuthi nabo babebulawa. Phofu namaPhuthi lawo ayengayekwanga.
Amadoda amaPhuti wona ayebulawelwa ukuba babefihle amadoda amaHlubi ngexesha ayefunwa ngamaNgesi kwaye bafihle nokutya kamaHlubi. Uthe ekwesikabhadakazi kumhlaba wabeSuthu wabona kufika unyana kaMolapo uJonathan ngelithi uthunywe nguyise ukuba amkhangele athi akumfumana aye naye kuye ukuze amfihle. Kwathi kanti liyelenqe lamaNgesi kuba bathe befika kwaMolapo wabe umkhosi wamaNgesi ugcwalise apho elinde ukufika kwakhe. Wabe uyabanjwa njalo uLangalibalele waze wabanjwa wasiwa eMgungundlovu apho ityala lakhe lathethelwa khona. Kulapho imbongi yathi xa ibonga ngoLangalibalele:
Umbongo ngoLangalibalele
‘Ngithe ngibalekela kozongisiza angifihle,
Kanti ngibalekela esilwaneni esinguMlapo kaMshweshwe.
Yasho njalo indlovu kaMthimkhulu
Seyemuka sebehamba nayo amaNgesi’.
Kwelo tyala zange avunyelwe ukuba amelwe kungazange kufunwe ukuba angqinelwe. Phofu abathethi betyala ikwangabamangali. Wagwetywa ukuba ayokudidinjwa eRobben Island. Nalapho imbongi yavela isithi:
Ukugwetywa kukaLangalibalele
Ingungu kaMtimkulu
Abayingenis’ emkhunjini
Zonk’ izizwe zabikelana!
Zat’ “ULangalibalel’ ubanjiwe,
Ubanjwe ngabazana nenkwenkwezi,
Nenyanga, nelanga, nezilimela
AmaNgesi awazange ayeke ukugqogqa abafana namadoda amaHlubi. Kuthiwa babewabulala ngokubadubula okanye banikwe imipu badubulane. Maxa wambi ebeqokelelwa adidinjwe endlwini ze intunyekwe ngomlilo batshele apho. Uthi abasindayo babalekisa ubomi babo basabela apho babengenakufunyanwa khona. Kuthiwa abafazi nabantwana babebasindisa kodwa benikisa ngabo kwiintlanga ezikufutshane. Makhe ndicaphule nje amagama kagqirha Colenso esithi:
‘the women, girls, and children were removed to other districts, where they were placed in charge of friendly tribes to be maintained at the expense of Government. It is to be regretted that Mr. Shepstone, the Secretary for Native Affairs, was not authorised rather to try his extraordinary powers of conciliation and persuasion with the Amahlubi, instead of hunting them out in this merciless fashion, “eating up” their numerous herds of cattle, burning their houses and scattering their families all over the country, where they had dwelt peacefully and blamelessly during twenty-five years’.
Ugqirha Colenso uthi amaNgesi abulala amakhulukhulu amadoda amaHlubi. Uthi ayeziphindezela ngokusuke amaHlubi abulale amadoda amathathu omkhosi wamaNgesi ngela lixa babesabela ezintabeni. Oko kutshatyalaliswa kohlanga kwathiwa yi-Izwekufa, hayi iMfecane njengoko kufunwa abantu mabakholelwe. Yayinokuba yiMfecane kaTshaka njani ngo-1873 ekubeni uTshaka wathomalala ngo-1828?
Ingxelo kaBhishophu ihambisa ithi ngomhla wama-11 ka-November ngo-1873 amaNgesi abhengeza ukubhangiswa kwesizwe samaHlubi ngelithi, ‘(the proclamation) declares that the said tribe is hereby broken up, and from this day forth has ceased to exist.’ Uthi esi sibhengezo sichaza ukuba olu hlanga (amaHlubi) luchithiwe kwaye ukusukela namhlanje (11 Novemba 1873) lubhangisiwe. Kungoko ufumanisa into yokuba amaHlubi akwela phondo leKwaZulu Natal azazi engamaZulu kuna namhla. Amanye ngala sithi ngamaMfengu abaleka Izwekufa.
Uthe xa ehanjiswa uLangalibalele I esisiwa e-Robben Island yavakala imbongi isithi:
ULangalibalele ejwilwa kwesimyama eRobben Island
“Ingungu kaMtimkulu
Abayingenis’ emkhunjini
Zonk’ izizwe zabikelana!
Zat’ “ULangalibalel’ ubanjiwe,
Ubanjwe ngabazana nenkwenkwezi,
Nenyanga, nelanga, nezilimela.”
Imibongo kaHadebe
Mthimkhulu,
Mashiya amahle anjengawenyamazane
AbakwaThondo kwabakaSothondose.
AbakwaDlomo-dludlu kwizindlu nezindlwana.
Abakwazitho zimhlophe, mashiya amahle,
Niye nabuthathaphi ubuhle obumhlophe obunje?
AbakwaMaxovaxova umthombo wenkosi.
AbakwaVangane, kazi sengoneni namhlanje?
UNduku zimakhulukhulu,
Sehla ngomnyama entabeni, kuyagonqoka.
Kumnyama phansi.
Abakwandlubu zamila ngaphambili
KwaSothondose.
Amangelengele anziphozinde ngokuqhwayana.
Umkhulu Bhungane!
Kodwa awungangoNkulunkulu.
Imibongo kaBhungane
NguBungane wamakulukulu
NguSotondoshe.
UNdlubu zamila ngapambili.
Yintlabati yoNdi noTukela.
Ngifike beyihlenga beyipalaza,
Ngifike ngayihlenga ngaguzubala.
UBungan’ uyababaza,
Ubabaz’ eseSigodlweni
Kwaf’ izitsha zisemadoden’ ebandla.
UBungane yindikinda yindaba,
Uze waba yindaba nakuzikundlwane
Yindlovu yakwa maMazibuko.
Yinkamisa mlom’ onganga zibuko;
UMatshayw’ alile njengesikhundlwane.
Yindlovu yakwaMqad’ elupondo lunye,
Elikanisel’ ezimpondo ngambili
Ligeng’ eladl’ imiti yakwaBunga.
Sabe sesibona ngebudulelo.
UBungane nguqobodisa –
Ukwakisa kwendlovu,
NguGengelezis’ ukwakisa kwenyati.
UKoz’ umaxul’ umapakamisa.
Wabulal’ uMafu kwaba kabo’
Nanamuhl’ akwaba ndaba zaluto!
Sisilo sakulo Mbikazi
Esimapuml’ anzinzinini,
Umaqula ngaw’ emazibukweni.
Mlotshwa twal’ usiba lube lunye
Uyotshis’ imizi yamaVimbela
Yabo Jabanq’ umntakaMpila
Wawute kosal’ awanjanina?
Kosal’ antsiba zibutakataka –
Kwasal’ uBaqile weSwazini
Sengisitsho kwizihlobo zake,
Kwasal’ uMtilingwane,
Sengisitsho kwaba kwaKesa
Amakhubal’ abuy’ adliwa nguye.
Isihlahla sentshungu sombelebele!
Kade beti bayasigaula.
Po, siyawunqind’ amazembe!
NguHlaz’ oduna boTondoshe
Izembe lisemsamo kwaMnxanga
UNomawezi-wezi kwaba kaNsele.
Inkomo zake zimaqat’ amhlope.
Ngokuwela-wel’ uMzinyati.
NguSosolani, bayadla bayasola,
Akasenamuny’ ongasoli
UMlauzi ka mkont’ osandukulolwa.
UMvuni wabantu nje ngamabele.
UMsiki wezitoto zaba Landakazi;
Kazi bazala ngan’ ubaruna nje?
Isiroro sakwa maMazibuko
Sidla silila zonk’ insuku,
Sililel’ imihlambi yabantu.
Incinin’ eyongam’ esizibeni,
Izakiwa ngaba njanina?
Izakiwa ngu Mgidi kaNsele.
UMt’ ose Yenge nase Tobozi,
Owati’ Okuwa wasambateka.
Wabekis’ amaseb’ ekabo nina.
Bungane pez’ abantu
Abant’ akuzuba mbata ngubo,
Abantu bazindondokazana.
Awu! Yebo-ke Mlotsha wabo Zingelwako.
Aufi kukufa kwamany’ amadoda.
Umbongo kaLangalibalele
NguJuba ququbala
Enkundleni kwaNjomose
NguSigoloz’ esimehl’ abomvu
Isigoloz’ esibek’ umuntu ngat’ simjamele
Sisigoloza sakwa maMatshoba.
Inkondlo kaDikida beno Ngenela
Abati beyishaya bebeyifingqel’ amadolo.
Ijub’ abalijukujela ngezagila
Kwa Nodwengu lagwija.
uMphuhlan’ ophuhl’ ezulwini.
Onga mpondo zamatole,
Wapuhla wavelela pezu kwama-Hlubi,
Uphuhl’ emfundeni zooNdi,
Wapuhla nakwe zooKhahlamba,
Wapuhla nakwe zooThukela.
UNyama yama Zimu,
KaDuba, no Mini, no Lupalule,
Bayidla bayidonsisana
NguSombangeli,
Wabang’ umzi wamfanela.
ULangalibalel’ uyesabeka
Ungangamaqand’ engonyama
Nangamaqand’ engwe.
UQongqo ngiyambuka
Ngokukwela kwezind’ intaba;
Mnyaka umbe uth’ umgadile –
Uzaku kwela kweye bubesi.
NguManqamla ntshinge njengesibanda
NguLanga puma sikote.
Ngabezizwe bodw’ abazakubalekela.
ULanga ngokuswel’ inkonyeni.
Kwezamany’ amadoda;
Ngob’ inkonyen’ ikwezika Langandaba.
NguNkomo zidla nezesiroyi senyati,
Ngoba zidla neza kwaSongiya
Obemtandabuzela njengomnyama.
Udabul’ ePungupungu,
Wadabul’ eMalibeni,
Kwaza kwasa ngelosuku
Ingonyama nendlovu zibovula.
Ubengasakuya kwaZulu
Wabizwa ngumkhonto wesibham.
UMatshingizel’ umashiy’ impi yake;
Washiy’ izinja zakwaZulu
Ebezimlom’ ubomvu.
Ngokupuz’ ingazi zamadoda.
NguMapa kulahla kuMajikijela
Wawela Mpozam’ emhlope
IngeyaseMatshobeni.
Owap’ uMpelana
Ezalwa nguMendela
Uvalelise ngomkhonto kuZulu
Izizwe zonke zambalekela
Wadl’ ababomvan’ abazond’ ilanga.
Wavalelisa ngomkhonto kokaSonjica,
UPiva ndlebende lingezwa ndaba
Lingezw’ indaba lizampangel’ eNgqokweni.
NguNobengul’ ikakasi.
Isilumek’ esibuya nehlwili.
Ingungu kaMtimkulu
Abayingenis’ emkunjini
Zonk’ izizwe zabikelana!
Zat’ “ULangalibalel’ ubanjiwe,
Ubanjwe ngabazana nenkwenkwezi,
Nenyanga, nelanga, nezilimela.”
Umbongo kaLangalibalele
Mdingi kaJobe!
Sembatha mkhonto njengengungu.
Abakwaqili babeza benhliziyo zimnyama,
Bemthatha bemhleka bethi kananyongo kanamhlwehlwe,
Kanti unomhlwehlwe ubhabhanana.
Umqomboli wendlela zokhabonina,
Ingani abadala sebazikhohlwa
Kaziwa ukuthi yena uzazi ngani.
Ijuba elahlala enkundleni
kaSibhenya balithela ngezibi laququbala.
Isihalahala sezinja zikaSibhekane
Ezimlomo ubomvu ngokudla izingazi zamadoda.
Umpondo ezamaduna ezamathole
Ezelanga elaphuma endlebeni eyendlovu
Mhlambe liyophuma endlebeni yengonyama.
Umbalekelwa owabalekelwa zinduna zikayise.
Ubalekelwa zinduna zakhe;
Ubalekelwe uManzulwa owayezalwa uManqamu.
Wabalekelwa uMpangele owayezalwa uSigodlo.
USibhamu esidume ekuseni kwaNobamba.
Bathi uNobamba kangibambanga ngani?
Izulu elidume ekuseni labuyisa abafazi ekuthezeni
Unobanga izwe azalifumane.
Elibanga nosoMtseu uyise akangalifumana.
Izigqoko ezamaNgisi ezama Frenchman.
Ufulathele imbali azamfanela.
Uth’ esefulathele noMlapo naye kazamfanela.
Umbasi wamakloba amabili,
Elithe elinye lisavutha le kwaPhosihawu,
Elinye lalivutha eSibubulundu.
Kuzwakele ukuthi bayishaya
Indlovu kaMthimkhulu emkhunjini.
Kuthe esabaleka ehamba evalelisa wathi,
Ngithe ngibalekela kozongisiza angifihle,
Kanti ngibalekela esilwaneni esinguMlapo kaMshweshwe.
Yasho njalo indlovu kaMthimkhulu.
Seyemka sebehamba nayo amaNgesi.