Yintoni ulwaluko?
Isiko lolwaluko kwaXhosa lisiko lesibini elenzelwa inkwenkwe emva kwesiko lembeleko. Lisiko lokuphawula ukudlulisela inkwenkwe ukusuka kwisigaba sobuntwana ukuya kwisigaba sobuntu obudala. Eli siko lihamba ngokwemiqathango elandelwayo engqamene nalo. Ukhona umahluko phakathi kokwaluka kunye nesiko lolwaluko.
Isiko lolwaluko luquka konke okwenziwayo okuhambelana nokudlulisa inkwenkwe kwisigaba sobuntwana ukuya kwesobuntu obudala. Esi sigaba sikwalungiselela ukuba umfana lowo alungele ukutshata, okusisigaba esilandelayo emva kolwaluko. Ukwaluka kukusikwa kwenyama yokwaluswa, ijwabi. Ukwaluka akulosiko. Lulwaluko okulisiko. Nokuba inkwenkwe ingoluka okanye ingoluswa, ukuba akulandelwa isiko lolwaluko iyakuhlala isaziwa njengokuba iyinkwenkwe. Ayamkelwa kwimicimbi eyenziwa ngabafana namadoda.
Izinto eziqwalaselwayo xa kuzakwenziwa isiko lolwaluko kwaXhosa
Zingaba zininzi zona izinto eziqwalaselwayo ngaphambi kokwenziwa kwesiko lolwaluko, kodwa sizakubalula zibembalwa ezingundoqo.
Ubudala benkwenkwe bubalulekile. Mandulo kwakungekho minyaka iqingqiweyo apho kuzakuthiwa inkwenkwe izakungena xa ineminyaka eminga. Ukungena apha kukuya esuthwini, okanye ukungena kwisikolo solwaluko. Inkwenkwe ibikhula kangangokuba wambi abade afike nakwiminyana engamashumi amathathu nangaphezulu. Ukulungela ukwaluka bekude kuqwalaselwe nayilali apho ilali ibinika uxinzelelo kusapho lwenkwenkwe ngenxa yokuba isenza imikhuba. Bekude kuthiwe ngubhonyongo. Kanti ke inkwenkwe ibide iqutyulwe yaluswe xa seyindala ukugqitha okulindelwe yilali nangokwanda nobuzaza bemikhuba eyenzayo.
Esinye isizathu sokulinda ibisesokuba kudala amakhwenkwe ebelinda unyana wenkosi. Onke amakhwenkwe eso sithili esilawulwa yinkosi ebengena xa kungena unyana wenkosi. Loo nto yile yayizala amabutho, ze unyana wenkosi leyo abe ngumphathi welo butho. Enye into kwakunenkolelo yokuba xa inkwenkwe seyindala izakukwazi ukumelana nokunyamezela iintlungu, nokuzinzisa iimfundiso, zasesuthwini. Kule mihla ke kuthethwa ngeminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo. Bambi bathi ishumi elinesithandathu.
Enye into eqwalaselwayo lixesha lokwaluka. Amakhwenkwe ebesaluswa ngenyanga yeSilimela, uJuni ke ngokwale mihla. Singabalula izinto zibembini ezazibangela ukuba kutyunjwe loo nyanga. Okokuqala bekuvunwa izityalo ezinje ngombona, iimbotyi, amathanga, nezinye ezilinywa ehlotyeni. Loo nto ithetha ukuba bekuzakubakho ukutya okwaneleyo kokondla umkhwetha kunye nokulungiselela imicimbi ehambelana nolwaluko.
Esesibini isizathu sesokuba isilonda siphola ngokukhawuleza ebusika kunokuba kunjalo ehlotyeni. Ukolusa ngenyanga yeSilimela yile izale ukuba abafana babale iminyaka yabo yokwaluka ngezilimela ezidluleyo ukusukela kwesa silimela wayoluke ngaso. Umzekelo, umfana uzakuthi unezilimela ezinga walukayo. Okanye wumbi abuze omnye umfana ukuba, ‘Zingaphi izilimela zakho?’ lowo ke selesazi ukuba kubuzwa iminyaka alukayo. Kule mihla ke kwalukwa ebusika nasehlotyeni. Oko kwenziwa ziimeko zempangelo nemfundo.
Akusekho okwa kungena ngexesha elinye kulindwe unyana wenkosi. Umzi nomzi uyazalusela unyana wawo ngokwelali yawo. Abakhona amakhaya abadibanisisayo oonyana xa bezakoluka ngexesha elinye. Umzekelo, wamakhaya kukuba mhlawumbi umntu nomninawa wakhe benoonyana abazakungena ngexesha elinye, bayakwazi ukubangenisa kunye. Kwakhona kusenokuba sisiduko esinye apho kuviwanwa khona ukuba kungangeniswa kunye.
Amalungiselelo wokusungulwa nokuqhutywa kwesiko lolwaluko kwaXhosa:
Kwiiveki ezingaphambi kosuku lokungena kwenkwenkwe kwenziwa amalungiselelo olo suku. Kuyathezwa, kusilwa umqombothi, kwenziwe namarhewu kufunwe nexhwane elizakusetyenziswa ukuqhutywa kwesiko. Ngosuku oluphambi kokuya esuthwini lusuku lomguyo. Bambi ke bathi sisijadu. Olu lusuku lwamakhwenkwe. Le nkwenkwe izakoluka iyavalelisa ekuphileni ubomi bobukhwenkwe. Nala makhwenkwe asalayo ayamkhulula ukuba angaya kwesinye isigaba. Kukho iimfanelo ezikhutshwa yile yolukayo ukuze ibe iyakhululwa. Ezo mfanelo ligogogo lomqombothi kunye nenyama. AmaXhosa alenza ngebhokhwe isiko lawo. Ngalo mhla kuxhelwa ibhokhwe, inkwenkwe ingcame intsonyama, inikwe nebhekile yomqombothi. Emva kokungcama inkwenkwe izakuya kulaa ndlu yomguyo apho kuzakuguywa ubusuku bonke ngamakhwenkwe kwaye kulapho azakufumana khona iimfanelo zawo.
Kusuku olulandelayo, malunga nasemin’ emaqanda inkwenkwe iya ebuhlanti seyambethe ibhayi, inganxibanga mpahla, induluke ukuya esuthwini. Kwalapha kumaXhosa kukhona ukwenza ngokwahlukileyo apha ekungcamiseni inkwenkwe. Amanye ayingcamisa ngalo mhla iya ngawo esuthwini. Ingcama seyikhulule. Emva kokungcama ibe sel’ ihamba ukuya esuthwini.
Esuthwini kwaXhosa
Isuthu sisikolo apho inkwenkwe eyalusiweyo ifundiswa khona izinto zobudoda. Ukuya esuthwini apho ukhatshwa ngabafana. Uzakufika ibhuma yakhe okanye isuthu lakhe selisakhiwa ngabafana. Kwezinye iindawo lakhiwa ngoomama ze bahambe engekafiki amadoda ukuza nenkwenkwe. Ngaphambi kokuba iyokufika esuthwini iqala emlanjeni apho izakuhlamba khona umzimba. Oku kukuhlamba ubukhwenkwe njengoko besekwenzekile ukuba achebe yonke indawo eneenwele. Emva kokuhlamba uya esuthwini apho azakufika ingcibi sele imlindile, adlangwe athi, “Ndiyindoda”. Ngolo hlobo ke akaseyiyo inkwenkwe koko ungumkhwetha.
Ukusukela kolu suku umkhwetha uzakuba phantsi kweliso lekhankatha elizakube limonga. Esuthwini abakhwetha bafundiswa izinto eziquka ukugxininiswa kwentlonipho ebantwini, iindlela zokusombulula iingxaki nokwenza izigqibo. Kukhe kwenziwe umfuziselo weemeko zezehlo ze kubuzw’ ukuba umkhwetha lowo ebenokuyisombulula njani na yena loo meko. Kwenziwa nemizekelo yeengxoxo zasezimbizweni ze umkhwetha abuzwe ukuba ukuba ibinguye inkokeli ebenokwenza sigqibo sithini ngalo meko. Kubaliselwana namabali amalunga namava ezinto abathe bagaxeleka kuzo nendlela abathi benza ngazo kwezo meko.
Ukuhlonipha kuquka nokuhlonipha ukubiza amagama ngolu hlobo abizwa ngalo ekuhlaleni. Kukwaquka nezinto ekufanela azigweme kuzo. Umzekelo, umkhwetha akayi elalini. Akahambi ngendlela ekuhanjwa ngayo ngabantu neemoto. Izitya zasekhaya azingeniswa ngaphakathi esuthwini. Ukuba siye sangena ngempazamo, asisabuyeli ekhaya. Kukwafundiswa nangendlela yokuziphatha ngokwasebufaneni naxa eyindoda, kwaye engenakuziphatha ngokohlobo ebesenza ngalo eseyinkwenkwe. Kuyafundiswa nangokuphatha usapho nangoxanduva ubani amele ukulithatha njengendoda xa selenosapho.
Okungundoqo kukuba abakhwetha abo bafundiswa nangamasiko esizwe sabo nangokuba ohluke njani kumasiko eziny’ izizwe. Isiko ngalinye liyacalulwa ze kuchazwe ukuba lenziwa njani na ngokwesiXhosa. Zininzi ke izinto ezifundiswayo esingenakuzicalula nganye nganye.
Kwakhona kukho umba wamawele. Yonke into eyenziwayo iqala kwivelatanci. Kanti ke ukuba elinye iwele liyinkwenkwe libe elinye liyintombazana, eli liyintombazana liyalingiswa kumcimbi wokwaluswa, kodwa bazenziswa ngokufanayo ezinye izinto ezijongene nesiko. Umzekelo, xa bengcama, bangcama bobabini, umkhono bawutya bobabini, nezinye ke. Kodwa ke ibhokhwe exhelwayo inye, azikho mbini. Bohluka nje ekubeni eli liyintombazana alide liyokuhlala esuthwini.
Xa ngaba eliny’ iwele liye laqhuzuka nokuba beliyinkwenkwe okanye intombazana labe eli liseleyo liyinkwenkwe, imfusi yala mawele izakuthatha indawo yeli liqhuzukileyo. Akukhonto yenziwayo xa ngaba kuthi kanti la mawele ngamagqibelo. Kaloku xa kunjalo azakuba engenamfusi. Xa koluke umntu nomninawa wakhe, yonke into iqala kumkhuluwa. Kanti ke nasesuthwini baneminyango emibini, owomninawa nowomkhuluwa. Omnye akawusebenzisi umnyango womnye nokuba uyaphuma okanye uyangena.
Andizukuya ke kubucukubhede obenzeka ngaphakathi esuthwini. Kwezi ntsuku zisixhenxe zokuqala umkhwetha utya ukutya okungenatyuwa kwaye kungamelwanga ukuba asele amanzi acwengileyo. Nalawo angacwenganga akawaseli rhoqo. Akukho nyaniso kwinkolelo nentetha ethi abakhwetha abaseli manzi. Umntu ophekela umkhwetha nozakusa ukutya komkhwetha esuthwini yintombazana yasekhay’ apha engenabantwana nengazaniyo nankwenkwe. Kwakhona umkhwetha akaphekelwa ngunina okanye naye nawuphina umntu ongumama nokuba yintomi esele inomntwana. Umkhwetha akawutyiswa umbeko. Ngoko ke ukutya komkhwetha kufuneka kube kokolo suku kuphekwe ngalo.
Ekuseni ngalo mhla wokusezwa amanzi umkhwetha uzakuqaba ingceke yakhe umzimba wonke. Uzakubamhlophe qhwaa. Ekhaya phaya, ngosuku olwandulela olo lokosisa kuyaxovwa kubhakwe. Kusuku lwesixhenxe amadoda nabafana baya esuthwini ukuya kojisa umkhwetha. Abafana ke bekhaya bazakuya nebhokhwe yomojiso abanye bencedisa iintombi zekhaya ukuziphathisa utywala, iziphungo kunye nokutya okulungisiweyo, umngqusho nesonka. Phofu ke namakhwenkwana avumelekile ukuba angaya kuba kaloku xa kuxheliwe kukho iinyama zamakhwenkwe.
Kusungulwa umsebenzi ngokuveliswa kwebhokhwe ngentloko emnyango wesuthu okanye ibhuma ze kwakhona kuthethwe ngutata wekhaya, ethetha nomkhwetha lowo ukuba namhlanje usezwa amanzi kwaye uyakhululwa ukuba angaphuma ahamba-hambe. Ekuhambeni kwakhe angakh’ alinge abuye sele litshonil’ ilanga kwaye angayi emizini. Iwele eliyintombazana, okanye imfusi xa elinye iwele liqhuzukile, nalo lizakube lingeniswe ngaphakathi ebhumeni. Zonke izinto ezenziwayo zenziwa kubo bobani.
Akugqiba ukuthetha utata, ibhokhwe iyaxhelwa ngabafana. Kuxhelwa ibhokhwe eyinkabi. Kule bhokhwe kuzakuthathwa umkhono wasekunene uphekwe sele engcamisiwe intsonyama umkhwetha. Usakube uvuthiwe umkhono unikwa umkhwetha awudle. Emva kokuba etye amaqathana walo mkhono waze wangcamla nomqombothi ugqityiwe ke ngoku ukusezw’ amanzi okanye womojiso. Kule bhokhwe ixheliweyo kuzakuphekwa icala ze eli bekukhutshwa kulo umkhono lisale nomkhwetha lixhonywe ngaphakathi entungo yesuthu. Uzakumane esika kulo aziphekele. Kodwa alidli ngakuhlala xesha lide kuba kumana kufika abafana, amakhwenkwe nabanye abakhwetha bejonge ukusikelwa kuloo nyama, boje okanye bapheke. Ulusu, intloko namanqina nofele ziya ekhayeni lomkhwetha. Ulusu leloo mama. Intloko ke yeyootata. Ootata bekhaya ke bazakwenza isaziso sokuba uyakuphuma nini na umkhwetha.
Emva kokojiswa umkhwetha unako ukutyelela nabanye abakhwetha abakhoyo engingqini. Bade baye nakwabezinye iilali apho banokufikelela khona. Okungundoqo ngakumbi kukuba uyakwazi ukuyakujonga imfuyo yakubo endle. Ukuba kulixesha lokulima uyakwazi nokuya xa kulinywa emasimini, nokugawula iinkuni ezizakubaswa emgidini wakhe. Ixesha elininzi umkhwetha ulichitha namakhwenkwe, amanqalatha, amhlalisayo aze amlalise ebusuku. Kubaliselwana amabali amaninzi, kuqhulwane, kwenziwe neminye imidlalo engathethi nto. Ngamany’ amaxesha kuyaphunywa emini kuyokuzingelwa iinyamakazi.
Ukubuya esuthwini kwekrwala lomXhosa
Emva kweeveki ezintathu ukuya kwezine umkhwetha ubuyela ekhaya. Lixesha lemigcobo nemincili kubazali bomkhwetha, ngakumbi unozala kuba yena wamgqibela ngala mhla wayengena ngawo. Yimivuyo kubafana kuba bazakwamkela ilungu elitsha kwaye bazakuxhamla iimfanelo zabo xa besamkela eli lungu. Yimini enkulu kumkhwetha kuba kaloku ngoku uzakubuyela ekhaya akhululeke kwintsokolo ebikade imzingile esuthwini. Nakubeni bumnandi ubomi bokuba ngumkhwetha, kodwa izinto ezenzeka ekhaya ziyakhumbuleka. Malunga nasemin’ emaqanda abafana kunye namadoda ambalwa benjenjeya ukuya esuthwini ngenjongo zokuyakukhupha inkwenkwe. Akhona ke namakhwenkwana elali akhapha abo bafana. Bakufika abo bafana nala madoda uyayalelwa ukuba aphumele phandle umkhwetha ephethe intonga yakhe. Selemhlophe qhwaa yingceke. Uzakuyalelwa ukuba ayokuhlamba, abe sel’ ebaleka ukuya kwisiziba azakuhlamba kuso. Amakhwenkwe asel’ exhobe ngamaswazi amleqa ade ayekufika kwisiziba azakuhlamba kuso.
Emva kokuhlamba umkhwetha uzakubuyela esuthwini lakhe, kodwa akasangeni phakathi kuba sel’ edlulile kwisigaba sokuba ngumkhwetha ngoku. Uzakuqatywa ifutha ngomnye wootata bakowabo ngokwesiduko. Esakugqitywa ukuthanjiswa uzakombathiswa ngengubo zakhe ezintsha zobukrwala, agqunywe wonke kuvele nje intwana yobuso oku kokuba abon’ indlela. Uzakuphatha intonga yakhe yobukrwala ithi qhiwu apha kule ngubo ayombetheyo. Kuyagodukwa ephelekwa ngabafana abazakube bedlala iintonga becula usomagwaza, ingoma yoloyiso yesiXhosa.
Xa ekumgama omalunga neemitha ezilikhulu iyanumekwa ngomlilo ibhuma yakhe. Kubakho utata wekhaya, nokuba babini, abasalayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into itshile, kungabikho nto ingatshanga, ezophukayo zophulwe nezityobokayo zityobozwe.
Ekhaya uzakufikela ebuhlanti apho azakuthi vu khona anabe phezu kwekhukho elitsha. Xa sel’ ehleli kuzakwaziswa nguyise inkomo awamkelwa ngayo ekhay’ apha. Ikhaya livuyisana naye ngokubuya ephila. Akukho mazwi angako athethwayo ngaphandle kokuba eboniswa inkomo leyo.
Ukugqitywa kokuboniswa kwakhe, yena nekhankatha lakhe bayahamba besiya endlwini yesibane. Emva koko ke abafana bayayinqumla bayihlinze. Ibakhona ke nempahla emfutshane ekhapha inkomo leyo. Inani layo lixhomekeka ekufumeni kwekhaya nangokuxhaswa zezinye izindlu zeli khaya lamathile. Ngokohlukana kobume bamakhaya, ayide ibeyinkomo le ithi mhuu amkelwa ngayo unyana. Nokuba yigusha kuzakuthiwa yinkomo.
Ukuba kuxhelwe inkomo isenokukhatshwa nangeegusha. Kwakhona nokuba yimpahla emfutshane iba ziigusha, hayi ibhokhwe. Kaloku akwenziwa siko ngoku ntonje ngumgidi, kuyabhiyozwa. Kwangaxeshanye njengokua kuhlinzwa inkomo le kube sekuphuma igongqo lomqombothi elingumcimandlu. Endlwini yesibane kwenziwa imbutho yabafana neentombi besamkela eli krwala. Ukhona ke umfana ongumphathi wale ndlu. Naye wonyulwa ngabafana ukuba abengumphathi wabo. Okona kubalulekileyo kule ndlu kukwamkelwa kwekrwala ebufaneni. Wamkelwa ngokuthi kukhutshwe igogogo lomqombothi elikhapha isidlo esithi sinikezwe lo mbutho njengesidlo sasebusuku.
Kule mbutho kuvunywa iingoma zendlu yesibane kube kufundiswa ikrwala indlela ekuvunywa ngayo ngabafana neentombi zendl’ esibane. Kanti kubakho iingxoxo ezishushu malunga nentlalo yolutsha, iimpumelelo kunye nemicelimngeni. Xa kuvunywa iingoma zale ndlu kuthiwa kuyabhororhwa.
Imini yomgidi kwaXhosa
Ekuseni kusuku olulandela olu lombhororho, lingekaphumi ilanga, abafana bakhapha ikrwala liyokuhlamba emlanjeni. Xa kubuywa apho abafana bazakube becula usomagwaza bedlala neentonga de bayokufika kulaa ndlu ilungiselelwe abafana. Le yimini yomgidi. Abantu ngabantu beza nemigido yabo. Kugidwa ngeentlobo-ntlobo zezipho, imibhako yezonka kunye neziselo ezibandayo ezenziwe ekhaya, umqombothi, ikofu, iti, iswekile, njalo-njalo. Zonke ezi zinto zizakusetyenziswa aph’ emgidini. Kanti ke bakho abagida ngempahl’ emfutshane kunye nempahla yokwambatha neyokunxiba.
Kwangentseni abafana belali bancedisa ekuhlahleleni inyama yeso silwanyana sixheliweyo. Emva kokuhlahlela bazakufumana ibhekile yabo yomqombothi. Ukuba kuxhelwe inkomo bazakoja nemibengo. Xa sebegqibile ukuhlahlela, oomakoti bekhaya nabelali babeka iimbiza zesidlo sasemini.
Emin’ emaqanda ikrwala likhatshwa likhankatha lalo ukuya ebuhlanti apho liyokuyalwa khona ngootata. Nangalo mzuzu lisambathe la ngubo beliyambathiswe ukuphuma kwalo. Awusekho ke umtshilo wamakrwala, mhlawumbi ngenxa yeemeko ezingaphaya kwamandla abo babandakenyayo. Ngaphandle kokuyalwa, ikrwala liyasokwa nokusokwa. Kula maxesha sesikuwo sekusokwa nangemali, mali leyo yamkelwa likhankatha. Phaya mandulo belisokwa nangempahla emfutshane.
Ngaphambi kokuba kuyalwe ikhankatha linika ingxelo yentlalo yalo nekrwala eli ngeli xesha bebekunye esuthwini. Emva kwaloo ngxelo kuyaqaliswa ukuyalwa. Inkundla ivulwa nguyise wekrwala. Ukuba akakho iba ngutata wesi siduko. Inkundla uyivula ngokutsho izibongo zeli khaya, abe sel’ eyala unyana wakhe. Naye uyamsoka unyan’ akhe ngaloo nto amsoka ngayo. Emva koko ke kuyala abanye ootata. Kodwa ke kumele kuyale umntu owaziwa njengoziphatha ngendlela eyamkelekileyo ekuhlaleni.
Abafana abanalungelo lakuyala. Aba ngaba bafana bavumelekileyo ukungena ebuhlanti. Bona bayamamela qha. Yindlela abafunda ngayo ukuba izinto zenziwa njani na ukuze nabo xa befikelele kwisigaba sokuyala benze njengoko kulindelekileyo. Ngeli xesha kuyalwayo ikrwala lijonga phantsi. Alimjongi umntu oyalayo. Kwakhona aliphenduli lingabonakalisi nokuba nemvakalelo yoko kuthethwayo. Akanakuhleka nokuba sekuthethwa into ehlekisayo lingenako nokusebenzisa izangotshe ezinje ngokunqwala okanye ukunikina intloko. Kufuneka lithi zole cwaka, tu, liphulaphule abantu abadala bethetha nalo. Esi sesona sifundo esikwizinga eliphezulu sokufundisa ukumamela.
Emva kokuba kuyaliwe liyahamba ikrwala libuyele endlwini yesibane. Phaya ebuhlanti kusala kungena igongqo lomqombothi lokuyala. Emva koko kuphuma isidlo sasemini esingumngqusho nenyama. Kule mihla sekukho nezinto eziziirayisi nezinye izimuncumuncu. Xa kuphakwa ke ebuhlanti kuphakwa ngokwezigaba zobudala. Kungadityaniswa abantu ababini nokuba bathathu esityeni esinye. Kodwa abo bantu kumelwe ukuba babekwisigaba esinye. Awunakudibanisa utata nomfana. Kanti nabafana badityaniswa ngokwezigaba zezilimela zabo.
Phaya ezimbizeni okanye endlwini oomama nabo baphaka ngokomthetho wabo. Kuqalwa ngokuphakela oomama abadala kwehliwe njalo ngokwezigaba zabo nabo. Abantwana bona baphakelwa mva. Iintombi kaloku zona ziphaya endlwin’ esibane. Xa sekugqityiwe ukutyiwa oomama bazonwabisa ngokubetha ingqongqo bedlala imidlalo yabo yokutyityimba nokungqungqa.
Emva kokuba kutyiwe kulandela izithobo, umqombothi namarhewu neejinja, njalo njalo. Kuzakuhlalwa njalo kuselwa kuncokolwa de kube lixesha abacinga ukuhamba ngalo emva kokuba kukhutshwe utywala ekuthiwa yingxotha.
Endlwini yabafana phaya, xa ikrwala selinxibe impahla yalo yobukrwala linelungelo lokuyishiya indlw’ esibane likhe lihamba-hambe ukolula imilenze. Kodwa ke kufuneka libe selibuyile ukutshona kwelanga.
Nakulendlu yabafana, abafana basala beziselela umqombothi wabo de nabo babe bayagoduka xa sebonelisekile lulonwabo. Ayikho ke ingxotha yabafana. Usuku olulandela olomgidi lusuku lweentloko. Kwezinye iindawo kuthiwa lusuku lwevanya. Liyaphela ke ngolo hlobo isiko lolwaluko.